Coups in West Africa and the Sustainability of Democratic Governance
The recent resurgence of military coups across West Africa has ignited a critical debate regarding the long-term sustainability of democratic institutions in the region. This trend challenges the foundational principles of constitutional governance and popular sovereignty that have been promoted for decades. While each political context is unique, the recurring pattern of military intervention suggests systemic vulnerabilities within the democratic project in several nations. The situation demands a clear-eyed analysis of the structural and governance issues that create conditions where military takeovers are perceived, by some, as a viable alternative.
Observers note that these coups often occur amid public frustrations over economic stagnation, security crises, and perceived governmental corruption. The erosion of public trust in elected officials can create a permissive environment for military actors to justify their interventions. It is within this complex landscape that regional bodies and international partners grapple with responses, balancing condemnation with engagement. The path forward requires addressing the root causes of instability, not merely its symptoms. For instance, strengthening institutions, ensuring transparent governance, and delivering tangible improvements in citizens’ livelihoods are paramount to reinforcing democratic resilience.
The sustainability of democracy is further tested by regional economic pressures. For example, while the manufacturing sector tops investment announcements in some parts of the continent, consistent power supply remains a hurdle. Discussions amid blackouts, where regulatory bodies like NERC face public scrutiny, highlight the interconnectedness of infrastructure, economic performance, and political stability. Furthermore, the academic community plays a role in this discourse; groups like ASUU have been known to accuse the FG of failing to honor agreements, illustrating how governance disputes can permeate all sectors of society. These domestic challenges exist alongside major regional events that aim to foster growth, such as the planned ASF Lagos 2025, which represents aspirations for economic integration and development.
Ultimately, the future of democracy in West Africa hinges on the ability of states to deliver security, prosperity, and accountable leadership. The recent coups serve as a stark reminder that democratic consolidation is a continuous process, not a guaranteed endpoint. The engagement of all societal stakeholders, from political figures like Damagum and Bala Mohammed to civil society and the electorate, is essential in building a governance model that is both legitimate and durable, capable of withstanding the internal and external pressures that have historically undermined civilian rule.
